What procedure does the Arizona Constitution establish for the removal of public officers?

The Arizona Constitution provides a clear framework for the removal of public officers, emphasizing democratic processes that involve the electorate. The correct procedure established is through impeachment and recall elections, both of which empower the citizens of Arizona to hold their elected officials accountable.

Impeachment serves as a formal process to remove an officer for misconduct or severe failures in fulfilling their duties, typically involving both legislative branches where charges are brought forth and evaluated. On the other hand, recall elections allow voters to initiate a process to remove an elected official from office before the end of their term. This mechanism reflects the principle of direct democracy, as it places the power directly in the hands of the voters, ensuring that public officials remain responsive to their constituents.

The other options do not align with the established removal procedures within the Arizona Constitution. Voluntary resignation does not require any formal process, so it does not reflect the constitutional framework. A public vote of no confidence is not a recognized procedure in Arizona law, and thus does not have the legal standing that impeachment or recall holds. Judicial review pertains to the power of courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative acts but does not directly pertain to the removal of public officers.